The size and growing political clout of the Russian Church, which has strong backing from Medvedev and premier Vladimir Putin, contrasts sharply with Bartholomew, who has a tiny flock and is under severe pressure from the Turkish authorities.
Turkey refuses to recognize Bartholomew’s full title and has kept his church’s main seminary in Halki closed despite pressure from the European Union and U.S. President Barack Obama.
Addressing Bartholomew, Medvedev stressed “the constructive and fully-fledged dialogue between the Russian Orthodox Church and the state … which allows us to tackle very hard tasks.”
Underlining his status as Orthodox leader, Bartholomew replied: “We, as the Mother Church, are glad about this success and harmony, about these kind relations of cooperation which exist between the state and the Russian Orthodox Church.”
Muslim Istanbul, formerly the Byzantine capital Constantinople, is the ancient seat of Orthodox Christianity.
Patriarch Kirill, who leads the biggest of the Orthodox churches with 160 million believers, visited Bartholomew in 2009 to show his interest in improving relations.
Greeting the Ecumenical Patriarch in Moscow, Kirill has shown deference to his guest and even personally translated his address from Greek into Russian for the congregation during a solemn service in Moscow’s gold-domed Christ the Saviour Cathedral.
The previous day, the two church leaders led a procession of 40,000 through central Moscow to commemorate the name days of Cyril and Methodius, the saints who brought Orthodoxy to the Slavs in the ninth century.
Amid the signs of mutual respect, it was unclear whether the two sides discussed the contentious issue of breakaway Orthodox Churches in Ukraine and Estonia.
Religion experts said that the significance of Bartholomew’s visit to Moscow could not be over-estimated.
“This is an extraordinary visit,” said Father Mark Arey, of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, an expert on relations between Moscow and Constantinople.
“It signals a real synergy for world Orthodoxy and shows they (the patriarchs) are working toward solutions of the problems they have.”